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FLASH 21 (2/15/02): Central Asia, the "War Against Terror," and Enron
Question: do Cheney's non-released papers link the "War Against Terror" to Enron?
To date no mainstream newpaper has linked the hunt for Bin Laden to
Vice-President Cheney's refusal to release the documents of his
discussions of Spring 2001 with Enron officials. Yet it seems
highly logical that those discussions would extend to the rumors that
bin Laden would attack the offices of US oil companies in Kazakhstan
and Azerbaijan (Rashid, Jihad, 166).
These rumors would been considered matters affecting
national security and national energy policy. They would also have
been of particular interest to Cheney. Cheney's corporation Halliburton
had extensive investment interests in Kazakhstan, so much so that
Cheney, when he was still CEO of the company,
sat on the State of Kazakhstan's Oil Advisory Board.
But the bin Laden rumors would also have
been of particular concern to Enron.
As the Financial Times (London) reported on
November 8, 1996,
Enron was the lead US firm bidding for control of the gas transit
pipelines which Kazakhstan was then selling off. In addition
Enron was sponsoring a project to supply Turkey with gas from
Turkmenistan, by building a pipeline under the Caspian and through
Azerbaijan and Georgia to Turkey (Houston Chronicle, 2/2/99).
This pipeline had the active support of the US government, as a
means of opening up the gas fields of all Central Asia to a pipeline
not under Russian control. (The now notorious
Unocal pipeline proposal
through Afghanistan was likewise a project which in the mid-1990s
had support in Washington, until the Taliban alliance with bin Laden
proved too intractable.)
The complete fusion of Enron's corporate strategy with US energy
strategy under Clinton can be seen by the fact that Enron's
preliminary feasibility study on the gas pipeline was paid for with
a $750,000 grant from the U.S. Agency for Trade and Development
(Info-Prod Research [Middle East] Ltd., MIDDLE EAST NEWS ITEMS,
November 22, 1998).
In the end Enron lost out to Bechtel and GE in its bid to construct
the trans-Caspian pipeline. But this does not mean that Enron ceased
to be a major player in the new states of the Caspian basin.
On the contrary,
if one goes back to business reports of the 1990s, one sees that
Enron was active in Uzbekistan, where it signed a contract in 1996
to explore eleven gas fields. This project was called by
gasandoil.com "the most ambitious attempted so far by a foreign investor in Uzbekistan."
But Enron withdrew from the project in 1998, because
the Soviet pipeline company Gazprom, still enjoying a monopoly
over the export of gas from Uzbekistan, would not allow
Enron to reach a hard currency market for its gas.
It is clear that both the Clinton and the Bush administrations, eager to
counter the influence of Russia and Iran in Central Asia, actively
encouraged the activities of companies like Enron in the area. Thus
the US has been supplying non-lethal military aid to Uzbekistan,
Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan under the NATO Partnership
for Peace Military Program: US and NATO troops have held
joint training exercises with Uzbek troops since 1998 (Rashid,
Jihad, 83).
US military concern about Central Asia escalated considerably with the
emergence in 1997-98 of the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU).
This movement was an offshoot of the armed Tajik Islamic resistance
movement. [More to come].
To read more on this subject, go to
Online Journal
(Larry Chin; 2/8/02);
or
Afghanistan, the Taliban and the Bush Oil Team , by Wayne Madsen .